Evolution of intravenous lipid emulsions
| Generation of ILE | Description | Potential benefits |
|---|---|---|
| First | Soybean oil or safflower oil | Information about compatibility with regularly used drugs is provided |
| Second | Two-oil formulation including soybean oil and MCT | MCTs are removed more quickly and with less peroxidation |
| Third | Two-oil ILE using soybean oil and olive oil, resulting in a reduced amount of EFA (ω-6 FAs) | Elevated doses of MUFAs produce fewer peroxides during oxidation than PUFAs Oleic acid in olive oil is not converted to inflammatory or immune mediators Patients who are at risk of immunosuppression or have impaired immune systems may benefit from this treatment |
| Fourth | Four-oil ILE of soybean oil, MCT, olive oil, and fish oil | Fish oil included for critically ill and surgical patient populations |
| Fish oil | Sources of FA and energy for infants and children with IFALD and may reverse IFALD |
Revised from the article of Mirtallo et al. (Nutr Clin Pract 2020;35:769-82) [7] with original copyright holder’s permission.
ILE = lipid injectable emulsion; MCT = medium-chain triglyceride; EFA = essential fatty acid; FA = fatty acid; MUFA = monounsaturated fatty acid; PUFA = polyunsaturated fatty acid; IFALD = intestinal failure-associated liver disease.