Annals of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism

Original Articles

Effects of enteral nutrition formulas with varying carbohydrate amounts on glycemic control in diabetic mice: Yukari Miki, Kazuo Hino; Ann Clin Nutr Metab 2025;17(1):85-93. Published online April 1, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.15747/ACNM.25.0006

Abstract PDF ePub: Purpose
This study evaluated the effects of an 8‑week liquid diets with different carbohydrate contents–64% energy in HINE E‑Gel (ST) and 50% energy in HINE E‑Gel LC (LC)–on glycemic control and nutritional status in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (db/db mice). The objective was to determine whether reducing carbohydrate intake within the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese people improves glycemic control indices, addressing the evidence gap in regarding the long‑term safety and efficacy of low‑carbohydrate enteral nutrition in patients with diabetes.
Methods
db/db mice (n=10 per group) and non‑diabetic db/m mice (n=4) as controls were fed ST, LC, or AIN‑93G diets ad libitum for 8 weeks. The diets primarily differed in carbohydrate content (64% in ST vs. 50% in LC). Blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), plasma glucose and glycoalbumin, organ weights, and renal function markers were measured weekly or at 4 and 8 weeks. Histopathological examinations of the liver and kidneys were performed at 8 weeks.
Results
At 8 weeks, the LC group showed significantly lower plasma glucose (P=0.0051) and glycoalbumin (P=0.0013) levels compared to the ST group, with a trend toward lower HbA1c (P=0.0514). Although body weight was significantly higher in the LC group (P=0.0038), there were no significant differences between the ST and LC groups in caloric intake, renal function, or histopathological findings.
Conclusion
Reducing carbohydrate intake to 50% of total energy within dietary guidelines may improve glycemic control in diabetic mice, suggesting the need for further long‑term evaluation for clinical applications.

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Triglyceride-glucose index predicts future metabolic syndrome in an adult population, Korea: a prospective cohort study: Min-Su Park; Ann Clin Nutr Metab 2024;16(3):168-172. Published online December 1, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.15747/ACNM.2024.16.3.168

Abstract PDF ePub: Purpose: The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index has been proposed as a reliable surrogate marker for insulin resistance. This study aimed to assess the utility of the TyG index in predicting the future presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in an adult population.
Methods: A total of 3,241 adults aged 40–70 years were included in this cross-sectional study. MetS was diagnosed based on the modified National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria, which requires the presence of at least three of the following components: abdominal obesity, elevated blood pressure, dysglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
Results: In comparison to the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), the TyG index exhibited superior diagnostic performance, with a higher area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.854 vs. 0.702 for HOMA-IR. The 95% confidence interval for the TyG index was narrower, reflecting a more consistent predictive ability. Sensitivity for the TyG index was 79.7%, while specificity was 79.3%, compared to HOMA-IR, which showed a sensitivity of 52.7% and specificity of 78.3%.
Conclusion: The TyG index is a highly effective and robust tool for identifying individuals at risk for MetS, demonstrating superior sensitivity and predictive accuracy over HOMA-IR. This index could be a valuable clinical marker for early detection of MetS, aiding in the prevention and management of associated metabolic disorders.

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